Pansies or violets: description, planting and care

Tricolor violet or pansy - this is an annual or biennial herb called. Distributed in Europe and Asia. The people received the name Ivan da Marya.

Plant description

A popular decoration for living quarters and household plots are Pansies. Violet Vitroka or viola (hybrid form, with brighter and larger flowers), as the plant is also called, propagated by seeds. In Russia, it is sown in the ground in the summer, at home it grows year-round.

Beautiful flowerpots with flowers of various shades are not often found in apartments. The plant loves open spaces and good lighting. More common compositions in hanging pots on balconies.

Gardeners with experience sow seedlings in winter. In their areas, viola flowering begins in late spring.

For cold regions, the cultivation of annual and biennial plants of the Rococo Mix variety is recommended. Beautiful velvet buds of various shades reach 6 cm in diameter, bloom from early spring to late autumn. The average stem height is approximately 20 cm.

Dates of planting pansies

In severe climatic conditions, most often viola is grown as an annual plant. Compared with other flowering species of Pansies, the eyes do not require reverent care, therefore they are very loved by summer residents.

There are several ways to grow Vitrok violets:

• Landing in the open ground. Seeds spread evenly over a pre-moistened soil surface. Usually this happens in late May, when the air temperature warms up to + 18 ... +20 ° C. Flowering begins closer to September.
• Growing seedlings begin in February, March. Young animals are planted in open ground at the end of April. Plants are more resistant to frost, bloom more abundantly. The first buds are expected in June.
• Landing in early autumn in the ground. The procedure takes place in the warm period in the first ten days of September. Seeds have time to sprout. After winter rooting, the first flowers bloom in early spring.

Each of the landing methods has its advantages and disadvantages. Some gardeners put into practice all three and enjoy the beauty of Vitrok's violets year-round.

The known method of viola propagation by cuttings, it is used for varietal plants. Material is taken from adults in the summer. As a handle, sprouts of a juicy green hue with 2 internodes are suitable. Before planting, they are cleaned of flowers and buds.

On the site, a shaded place with high humidity is selected and cuttings are planted close to each other to a depth of 1 cm. The soil is watered, and the plants themselves are sprayed from the spray gun. Cover violets with damp paper for 7 days. With proper care, rooting occurs within a month. After that, you can transplant the sprouts to a permanent place.

It’s easy to look after Pansies. It is enough to gain the first experience and each subsequent training season will be easier.

Lunar violet planting calendar for 2019

It is known that the moon affects the state of the human body. Plants feel the satellite’s movement also intensely. Since ancient times, people have noticed that planting crops on certain lunar days gives better productivity.

Today, the gardener's calendar helps grow healthy and beautiful plants at a lower cost. Favorable days are used for planting; on unfavorable days, they carry out grooming and feeding procedures.

Preparing seeds for sowing

It is better to collect seeds yourself, selecting plants from the most beautiful sites. A seed box is formed in place of the flower, and at the time of ripening shoots with grains. It is impossible to pluck it earlier, since germination will be zero.

Experienced gardeners put bags of thin breathable fabric on their heads, so they manage to collect seed from the best plants.

For good germination, manually collected seeds are recommended to be processed.

The drug Fitosporin is considered optimal, the prophylactic composition prevents the occurrence of fungal diseases when growing seedlings.

Before sowing, violet seeds are soaked in special growth stimulants. The best consider Zircon and Epin. A procedure of this kind increases plant endurance and helps in the first stage of germination.

Preparation should be carried out strictly according to the instructions enclosed in the packaging of chemicals. After that, they are dried in air, previously distributed evenly over a smooth surface in a well-ventilated area.

Completely dry seeds are ready for planting. If storage is planned, fold the culture in a tissue or paper bag, leaving air free.

Capacity

Containers for viola seedlings are used differently, there are no special recommendations. It is permissible to take shallow plastic or wooden boxes, cardboard cups, and disposable tableware as a container.

In specialized garden stores purchase trays or cassettes for seedlings. Blocks include from 4 to 300 cells of different sizes. It is optimal to use containers with a small volume of soil. The use of cassettes is convenience for the plant and gardener. Each sprout is in its cell and when planted, the root system is not damaged. With this approach, each shoot receives an equal amount of heat, light, and fertilizer. As a result, the seedlings are stronger and healthier.

At home, use containers from eggs. Craftsmen make blocks for seedlings from plastic bottles.

The soil

Sow Pansies in loose soil. The finished mixture is purchased in stores for gardeners. Before planting, it is advisable to check the soil acidity level. Violets prefer a pH of 6.5.

To determine the use of litmus indicators.

Experienced summer residents prepare the land themselves. There are several recipes for the most successful soil mixtures:

• peat, earth, sand, humus 2: 2: 1: 2;
• turf land, sand, humus 2: 1: 2.

When planting in a soil with a high peat content, no additional fertilizers are needed. Top dressing is carried out after the first shoots.

The viola is also sown on peat tablets. The method is considered successful, provides high germination. The tablet is soaked in water. After swelling, the seeds are spread to the surface slightly covered with earth. All the necessary trace elements for growth and development are already inside. It remains to wait for germination.

There is no single decision on the choice of soil. Each gardener determines the most appropriate combination.

Sowing viola seeds for seedlings

Experienced summer residents begin growing pansies with the preparation of the soil mixture and seeds. After completion of the work, the container is treated with the solution from the fungus.

Sowing is carried out according to the following instructions:

• The prepared container is filled with drainage, then with soil.
• The ground mixture is lightly pressed and well moistened by spraying with a spray gun.
• Evenly distribute the seeds on the surface, they do not need to be deepened.
• Spray the surface of the soil with seeds abundantly, so that the sowing goes to the depth necessary for germination.
• The surface of the container is tightened with cling film and set in a dark place at room temperature.

Another method for sowing a viola is to land in the snow. The procedure for preparing the soil and containers is similar to the usual method. After that, a layer of snow is laid on the surface of the soil. Violet is evenly sown on it. Snow melts and draws the seeds to the desired depth.

Summer residents believe that the method of landing on snow provides plants with high immunity and frost resistance. Also, this method has a preventive effect.

Care for seedlings of violets

Seedlings need daily care during the first month.

Watering is done as the soil surface dries. Moisture is dispersed with a spray gun. Once a month, a growth enhancer is added to the water. After the sprouts have gained strength, hydration is carried out in the usual way.

The room temperature should not fall below +25 ° C. When small shoots appear, you can begin to gradually temper the senpolia, allowing for a slight decrease in temperature during airing.

During seedlings maintain high humidity under the film. It is better to spray the earth with warm water.

The first month after sowing, the plant needs lighting around the clock. Summer residents install artificial light sources until the shoots get stronger.

Viola seedlings, which are planned to be planted in the ground, are prepared in advance. About a month before landing, the container is carried out into the open air. They start from 30 minutes and daily increase the time spent by seedlings on the street to 4 hours.

At an average daily temperature of +18 ° C, violets are planted in a permanent place. This usually occurs in mid or late May.

Grow seedlings for the home. Fortified shoots are transplanted into pots or miniature flower beds. Senpolis lovers create original hanging compositions and decorate apartments with them all year round.

Diseases and pests of seedlings

Inaccuracies and errors in care lead to diseases of seedlings.

Weakened sprouts of violets often affect pests: thrips, ticks and aphids. Having discovered the first symptoms, isolate the entire box of seedlings. They are treated with insecticides. Treatment sometimes has to be repeated 2-3 times; quarantine is maintained until complete recovery.

Rot of roots and stem cannot be missed. The plant withers and feels bad even after watering. A fungal infection causes the disease, and it is almost impossible to cure it. For prophylaxis, plants are sprayed with preparations containing copper.

Powdery mildew is a common fungal disease of violets. Spray the plants with a solution of soap and soda ash. All components are mixed in the following proportion:

• water 5 l;
• soda 25 gr;
• liquid soap 5 gr.

The solution is sprayed with affected sprouts weekly.

Stains on the leaves cause a bacterial infection. Such a disease is treated with fungicides, which are purchased in special stores. Processing is carried out according to the instructions for the drug, strictly observing the concentration of the substance in the solution.

Prepare pansies for planting in February or early spring. The plant is unpretentious, and, if you follow the recommendations, beautiful flower beds will delight until late autumn.