Nephrolepis is a representative of the fern genus. Some experts attribute it to the Lomariopsis family, others consider it to be the representative of the Davallievs. However, these nuances for lovers of home flowers are for reference only, and the plant itself is a wonderful decoration for a home or office.
Meet Nephrolepis
Nephrolepis is a grassy plant that is epiphytic or grows on the ground. Has an underdeveloped stalk giving short shoots.
The homeland of this magnificent magnificence are regions with a tropical climate. In the wild, it can be found in Africa, Asia, America, Australia, even in Japan and New Zealand. Under natural conditions, fern grows very quickly.
Its long cirrus leaves, called waiyi, are collected in a rosette. Vayi can reach 70-80 cm in length.
Contrary to the legend of fern flowers, the plant is non-blooming, propagated by spores, division of the bush or layering. Disputes are collected in groups, forming the so-called sporangia. They look like miniature, first green convex points, brownish fluffy lumps as they mature. They are located on the underside of the leaves.
At home, several types of nephrolepis are bred. Among them there are unpretentious, not causing much trouble, there are capricious picks, which will have to tinker with. Which option is preferable - each owner chooses for himself, but in any case, the efforts will be rewarded. A healthy plant unusually enlivens the interior with a cap of lush leaves.
The green mass of fern not only produces oxygen, but also has antimicrobial activity. Nephrolepis absorbs formaldehydes, xylene, toluene, which are generously released from household items from the air.
Indoor types of nephrolepis
There are several varieties of nephrolepis, which growers grow as indoor plants:
- nephrolepis elevated;
- nephrolepis Boston;
- heart nephrolepis;
- xiphoid nephrolepis;
- nephrolepis Green Lady;
- Emin's nephrolepis;
- Blechnum, which belongs to the Derbyankov family.
Nephrolepis elevated (Nephrolepis exaltata)
One of the most common ferns in home breeding. The plant is unpretentious, caring for it will not be difficult. Its long (up to 50-70 cm) green Wii are assembled in a lush rosette. Aged leaves turn yellow, dry before falling.
This variety can propagate as a division of the bush, and spores. The elevated nephrolepis gave rise to the elimination of the mass of hybrids.
Nephrolepis Boston (Nefrolepis exaltata var Bostoniensis)
A species bred, as the name suggests, in Boston from sublime nephrolepis. From the ancestor it is distinguished by wavy, twisted leaves. Wii of this species can reach 1.2 m in length. He gave rise to the cultivation of varieties with leaves of complex shape, consisting of two, three and four leaflets fused together. This variety is most resistant to dry air.
Heart Nephrolepis (Nephrolepis cordifolia)
This representative of the family owes its name to the original form of the leaves on long, growing almost vertically, vayas.
On the root system of this species, tuberous formations can be seen. Soruses are attached along the seamy edge of leaf hearts. This species, like the previous one, propagates by spores, division of the bush.
Xiphoid Nephrolepis (Nefrolepis bisserata)
The leaves on the vayas of this species are in the form of pointed swords. Spores are attached to green leaves from the underside. This plant does not form tubers. A distinctive feature of the xiphoid nephrolepis is lush, reaching 1.5-2 m, the crown. Vayi of this size make this variety inconvenient for breeding at home in an ordinary apartment. You can meet this giant in greenhouses, conservatories.
Nefrolepis Green Lady
A type of fern, characterized by a spherical "fountain" of green pointed leaves. Vayi is densely covered with openwork lobes growing close to each other. The plant is demanding on air humidity.
Nephrolepis Emin (Nefrolepis Emina)
A short, compact plant, whose vayi are resilient, almost upright. Its second name is Dragon Tail (dragon tail) or Green Dragon (green dragon). Unusual “curly” leaves give it a special appeal. This species grows to 50 cm
Blechnum (Blechnum) - another representative of ferns, popular with flower growers, however, of another family - Derbyankovs. Under natural conditions, its vayas reach a length of up to 1.5 m. It has earned recognition among indoor flower lovers thanks to its vayy covered with green palm-shaped leaves. With age, the rhizome grows above the ground and changes, becoming like a trunk. The plant as a whole resembles a palm tree. This type of fern is capricious and demanding on the conditions of cultivation and care, but for the sake of such beauty it is worth trying. At home, with proper care, vayas can reach a length of up to 1 m.
Nephrolepis home conditions
The content of nephrolepis at home implies compliance with certain parameters, as well as care rules, depending on the time of year.
Table: requirements for the content of nephrolepis at home
Season | Lighting | Humidity | Watering | Temperature | Top dressing |
Summer | Stray, bright light location is desirable on the windows, facing west or east. Contraindicated direct sunlight. Possible placement on the balcony, loggias, partial shade terrace | Humidity - not less than 60%. Daily spraying required warm soft water. Pot placement will help with flowers on a pallet filled soaked in water with moss, expanded clay. A container with a flower should not be immersed in water | Watering is sufficient, you need to focus on drying of the upper substrate layer | +20about… +24aboutFROM | Fertilizers used are used weekly. for decorative plants in diluted form (1/4 or 1/2 of the recommended norm) |
Winter | In winter may be required additional artificial lighting not less than 6-7 hours | Humidity - not less than 60%. Daily spraying required warm soft water. Pot placement will help with flowers on a pallet filled soaked in water with moss, expanded clay. A container with a flower should not be immersed in water | Watering careful, through 2-3 days after the top the layer dries. | +16about… +18aboutFROM | Extremely rare, better at all cancel feeding - excessive efforts in it time is fraught with disastrous consequences for the plant |
Fern Nephrolepis in the expositions of the florarium
Florarium is an original composition of flowers with the addition of various decorating elements, placed in a transparent vessel made of glass or plastic.
A number of varieties of nephrolepis due to its compact size is used in the preparation of compositions for florarium. Bostoniensis Compacta cultivated from Boston nephrolepis is very small (up to 40 cm). This feature allows you to use it for growing in florariums. This species is quite unpretentious, in the conditions of florarium, subject to a high level of humidity and temperature conditions, the owner will be pleased with lush greenery. To compose compositions of florariums, you can pay attention to such varieties as Dallas Jevel, Teddy Junior. They are small in size, organically fit into the florarium ensembles.
Also, croton is perfect for florarium, read about it: //diz-cafe.com/rastenija/kroton-kodieum-uxod-za-priveredlivym-krasavcem-v-domashnix-usloviyax.html
Photo Gallery: Fern Florariums
- Small sizes allow the plant to be used in florariums
- Florarium is a composition of flowers and various decorating elements.
- Ferns of small sizes fit into the folarium ensembles in an original way
Landing (transplantation) of nephrolepis
The transplant is made in the spring. This procedure is recommended to young ferns with actively developing roots annually; after three years, transshipment is performed every 2-3 years.
It is not recommended to place nephrolepis immediately in a large pot, because in this case the plants cannot fill a volume sufficient for normal functioning, moisture stagnates at the bottom, which leads to root decay. The signal for increasing the volume of the pot will be literally "getting out" to the soil surface of the plant roots. This indicates that the nephrolepis is crowded, it is time to start the transplant.
The "home" for nephrolepis must be selected among plastic pots that better retain moisture. In them, the roots will not undergo overdrying. The form should take into account the characteristics of the root system of the fern, which grows to the sides, and not deepens. Based on this, a not very high, wide container is suitable. The size should take into account the volume of the green mass of the plant, so that the pot does not simply turn over.
Fern loves light, fertile soils with an acidity of pH 5-6.5. Soil for planting can be bought in a specialized store, special compositions for ferns are on sale. If desired, it is easy to make a mixture yourself. Deciduous land + sand + peat (4: 1: 1) will be required. There you need to add crushed charcoal and bone meal in an amount of 1 g for each kilogram of soil mixture.
We transplant:
- First, a pot is prepared - it needs to be washed, rinsed with boiling water, wiped dry. At the bottom, it is imperative to make holes to drain excess water during irrigation.
- Drainage is laid out with a layer of 3-5 cm, broken shards, expanded clay are suitable for this purpose.
- Nephrolepis is removed from the old pot with the earth, its excess is carefully shaken off. The fern is inspected for damage to the root system. Rotten, dead roots need to be trimmed, then put the plant in a pot, fill it to the top with soil, carefully pouring it and slightly crushing it with your hands. An important point: you do not need to fill the nephrolepis with soil to the very leaves, this will lead to rotting of the rhizome.
- After the transplant, water the plant with water.
The nuances of care
It’s easy to take care of this green miracle. It must be remembered that the plant is a native of the tropics. Hence the increased sensitivity to dry air and watering.
Lighting
Nephrolepis is a light lover, you need to place it in places with sufficient illumination, trying to avoid direct sunlight from entering the plant. Suitable windows facing east or west. Nefrolepis feels rather well under artificial lighting: it can often be found in various offices and institutions, where the fern has enough light from lamps that have been working for a long time.
In summer, a green pet can be taken out into the open air, not forgetting to shade from the sun to avoid burns.
In winter, there is not much light in the rooms, so additional lighting will be out of place.
Humidity
Native to the humid tropics, nephrolepis requires moist air. Everyday spraying with soft (necessarily warm) water will help, and in summer it must be done in double volume.
You can put the plant on a moistened tray, filled to the top with some kind of filler (expanded clay, moss). But it’s important not to “drown” the bottom of the pot: it should stand as if on a stand. These requirements must be observed regardless of the season.
Nefrolepis will gratefully respond to shower procedures. Warm water will not only support leaf moisture, but also wash away accumulated dust.
Humidified air is suitable for growing bashful mimosa. Read more about this exotic plant: //diz-cafe.com/rastenija/esxinantus-kak-ugodit-roskoshnomu-no-prixotlivomu-krasavcu.html
Top dressing
Nephrolepis needs to be fed depending on the season. In the summer - 1 time every 7 days. For fertilizing, you can take fertilizers recommended for ornamental plants, diluted in half or 3/4 with water.
In winter, fertilizers are used to a minimum, and it is better not to feed them at all, since the introduction of an excessive amount of fertilizing during this period can lead to plant disease.
Adverse effects on plant health may be exerted by some errors in caring for it.
Table: Errors in the organization of care for nephrolepis
Symptoms | Probable errors | |||
Watering | Temperature | Humidity | Top dressing | |
Leaves turn yellow and dry | Too much water - turn yellow lower leaves, their tips are painted brown, dry. Water shortage - growth stops leaves, their lethargy, yellowing is observed. Cold water. Hard water | Leaves turn yellow from the base - adverse temperature should rearrange in a cool place. With increasing temperature (> 25aboutFROM) - increase the frequency of spraying. With decreasing temperature (<12aboutFROM) - reduce volume and quantity watering | Spraying with hit direct sun rays | - |
Young waiyi wither and die | Use for watering cold water | Low temperature | Low humidity should increase quantity spraying | - |
The plant fades, stops growing | - | - | - | Lacks nutrients fertilize |
Leaves turn yellow over time | Natural process, dried wai should be removed |
Table: Diseases and Pests of Nephrolepis
Diseases and Pests | Symptoms | Ways to fight | Preventive measures |
---|---|---|---|
Gray rot | Gray fluffy coating on the leaves cuttings | Treat with fungicide (Trichophyte, Alirin-B) | Prevent stagnation of water, pour cold water at low temperatures |
Spider mite | White appears on the leaves dots leaves gradually dry out when severely damaged thin web visible | Rinse with warm water with laundry soap with severe defeat handle with special means (Actellik, Aktara Condor) | Ventilate regularly room to spray plant periodically wash in the shower |
Whitefly | On damaged leaves yellowish spots appear. leaves dry | Wipe the leaves water-alcohol solution (1:1). Treat with insecticides (Fitoverm, Actellik, Aktara, Condor) | Observe water temperature mode, prevent high high temperature humidity - often ventilate room, regularly wash the flower in the shower |
Mealybug | Appears on the leaves white plaque they have damaged appearance, turn yellow. Visually visible pests | Soap fern solution after drying treat with insecticides (Fitoverm, Actellik, Aktara, Inta-Vir) | Inspect the plant regularly ventilate the room spray wash |
Reproduction of nephrolepis
Nefrolepis can be propagated in several ways:
- disputes;
- dividing the bush;
- shoots;
- tubers.
Spore propagation
This method is difficult due to the likely sterility of the spores of home cultures or the presence of inferior hereditary information about the parent. If there is a persistent desire, you need to perform the following steps:
- Carefully separate the ripened grains with a knife, folding them onto paper.
- Put spores on prepared soil. Mandatory drainage. For the greenhouse, you need to use a plastic container with a lid.
- Put the seeds on the moistened substrate and, having closed the lid, leave in a warm, shaded place.
- Periodically air the incubator and moisten the soil. With a favorable set of circumstances, germination of seeds will take about three months. When the sprouts grow and get stronger, they can not be covered.
- Shaped rosettes can be planted.
Reproduction by dividing the bush
This is the simplest and most common option:
- With a spring transplant, the rhizome is divided into several parts. Each new bush must have a growth point.
- Small bushes are seated separately.
Sprout propagation
A mustache hanging from a seemingly idle position will help to get a new fern:
- Leafless shoots should be taken to the side, pressed to the substrate and placed in a separate bowl.
- They need to be dug so that the middle is covered by about 1 cm of soil.
- Do not forget about constant hydration.
- After two weeks, roots will appear, and then small shoots. When the young shoots get stronger, they can be separated from the mother plant and planted separately.
Tuber propagation
Some species form moisture-saving tubers on the roots. They can be clearly seen when transplanting the plant. This breeding method is incredibly simple:
- The tuber is separated from the roots.
- Then it must be placed in the finished substrate.
- The soil is moistened as usual.
Plant reviews
This is one of the most unpretentious ferns, a very spectacular plant. Gently love this unpretentious indoor fern. In September, she planted a huge pot-like pot, and everyone was gifted with a fern. But he began to grow well with me far from immediately. At first I managed to get a three-leafed plant, around which I didn’t dance with a tambourine, I really wanted a big beautiful fern. But his dances did not touch me a bit, and he all stood in one pause, wondering, apparently, whether it was worth living. And so, digging through the Internet in search of an answer, what did he need, I came across a recipe that I want to share. For transplanting, it is necessary to dilute the earth very generously with a pine bark. We also add pieces of coal, coniferous litter, you can add sphagnum. The sand still does not hurt to mix, if the land is purchased, and then there, as a rule, one peat. And it’s better to take the pot flat rather than tall. Transplanted in this way, my frog recovered very quickly and went into growth, and now there are no problems with it. But he does not like drying out, and it is better to monitor the humidity of the earth. After all, he stands high, and the fact that he is dry is not immediately noticeable. Wii do not fade, but simply somehow turn pale and begin to dry at the tips of the leaves. But the saddest thing is that the "clues" dry up before they even have time to turn around. A beautiful home plant, unpretentious and grateful for the care, I recommend!
irkin44//irecommend.ru/content/zelenyi-vodopadik-sekret-uspeshnoi-posadki
I have the same. It is necessary to rearrange the window, otherwise the leaves are long and sparse. But when it opens up - oh and handsome! All guests drop in.
Elf//otzovik.com/review_217759.html
I have ferns for a long time, 15 years for sure. I always wonder when they complain about the lack of light for them. In my experience, they are beautiful and green only in winter. As spring comes - the sun, they begin to turn pale with me. If I take them out into the courtyard and on the completely shady side, where the sun never falls on them, the same thing. Become pale. Here are mine on the veranda in the winter, now I’ve already taken them off and hid them in the northern rooms.
Zhike//forum.bestflowers.ru/t/nefrolepis-nephrolepis.146911/page-51
I love this plant for its luxurious thick greens, for an interesting observation of how a beautiful carved vaya appears from the "streets", and so on ad infinitum! My little children came up now and then, waiting for the green little hairy balls to appear on the surface of the earth, which change in size every day. The plant is quite good at surviving. But if you want it to be juicy green, he needs to create favorable conditions. The main thing is not to fill, often spray with settled water, not to feed with fertilizers, it is enough to fertilize twice with liquid fertilizer for decorative flowering plants. With very bright lighting, the vaya of the nephrolepis fade, so you do not need to put it on the south window. But in the shade it also pales. The most successful window will be the east. In the New Year we decorate it with rain, it looks very original. Very good fern with magnificent forms.
Clarice//irecommend.ru/content/ochen-khoroshii-paporotnik-s-pyshnymi-formami-foto
I love ferns; I have several of them in my summer cottage. Maybe that's why I love and nephrolepis, because he is also a representative of ferns. Awesome handsome at home. It is not difficult to grow it, it grows very quickly, unpretentious. He prefers moist soil, likes to spray, grows well in partial shade, top dressing is needed from time to time.
Anna Zakharchuk//flap.rf/Animals_and_plants/Nefrolepis/Reviews/6437440
Video: home care for nephrolepis
Nephrolepis is a very beautiful and unpretentious fern. With proper care, this tropical guest will delight the owner with lush, fresh foliage. This spreading plant adapts well in urban apartments, being a bright decoration of the interior.