Juicy tart flavored cherries are loved and planted in areas of southern Russia, Siberia and in the western regions. For some reason, sometimes it seems that in the gardens under vigilant supervision, under the control of acidity, abundance of fertilizers and regular watering, the crop is unpredictable, and a lonely cherry grows next to the fence. The branches are not trimmed, the crown is not formed, the trunk is not whitewashed, but every year it is strewn with berries.
What are self-fertile and self-pollinated varieties
In the description of varieties of cherries, the concepts are self-fertile, partially self-fertile and self-infertile. In self-fertile varieties, about 40% of the flowers are fertilized. In partially self-fertile varieties, this indicator is not higher than 20%. Self-infertile varieties of cherries in the absence of pollinators can give no more than 5% of the ovary of the total number of flowers.
For fertilization, the flower requires stamen pollen to fall on the stigma of the pestle. Mechanically, pollen transfer can be carried out by means of insects, wind, with the participation of humans or without intermediaries in self-pollinated plants. In this case, pollination occurs within the same flower or plant.
With self-pollination, plants are at a disadvantage, since in fact the genetic information is almost unchanged. The main qualities for survival are variability and adaptability, obtained by cross pollination due to various combinations of parental genes. To protect plants from degeneration during evolution, special protection mechanisms have been developed. As a rule, the stamen filament is shorter in the flowers and the stigma of the pestle is located significantly higher than the anthers. In addition, pollen, even having fallen on the pestle, is not able to germinate on its own plant and cannot fertilize the ovary. Hence the definition of "self-infertile."
Self-infertile varieties require the neighborhood of other varieties of cherries and even cherries. However, other trees of their kind will also not be pollinators.
Self-fertile cherries differ in the structure of the flower: the anthers of the stamens are at the level of the stigma of the pistil or rise slightly above it.
The anthers of the stamens of the self-fertile varieties of cherry slightly rise above the stigma of the pestle
The advantage of self-fertile varieties is that you can limit yourself to one tree within the garden area. Some independence from weather conditions and pollinating insects, as well as the small size of the trees, distinguish these varieties. Gardeners and specialists note that with nearby pollinating trees, the yield of self-fertile varieties increases significantly. And still worth paying attention to the taste. As a rule, self-fertile cherries have a pronounced sourness, and sometimes they can be consumed only after processing.
The best self-made varieties of cherries for the Moscow region
Specialists in stone fruit crops identify the main characteristics of the self-fertile varieties of cherries:
- winter hardiness;
- disease resistance;
- ripening dates;
- productivity;
- taste and size of berries.
In small garden areas, the height of the trees and the shape of the crown also matter.
Recently, climate change, which caused milder winters and longer rains during the flowering period, has led to an outbreak of fungal diseases of stone fruits, coccococcosis and moniliosis. The efforts of breeders are aimed at breeding new varieties with increased resistance to disease and cold.
Winter-hardy, steady and productive varieties of self-fertile cherries
The outstanding domestic pomologist Mayna Vladimirovna Kanshina created cherry varieties that are distinguished by exceptional endurance, while fruitful and self-fertile. Obtained at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Lupine in Bryansk, they have mastered and grow in the gardens of the Moscow Region.
Shpanka Bryansk
The resistance of flower buds to frost compares favorably with this variety, providing a stable yield. The fruits ripen early. On average, 11 kg of berries are removed from the tree, and the maximum yield reaches 18 kg of tender pink cherries. The berries are even, average weight is about 4 g, they come off easily from the stem.
Trees of medium height. Resistant to disease. Self-fertility and high productivity distinguish this variety.
The spruce Bryansk is characterized by extremely high winter hardiness of flower buds
Radonezh
Trees are characterized by low growth, high resistance to cold and fungal infections. By ripening mid-ripening. The yield is usually 5 kg of berries per tree, with favorable weather and good care reaches 9 kg. The berries are dark cherry, sweet taste with a slight sourness, the average weight of a little more than 4g.
Cherry Radonezh a small tree of medium maturity
Fad
The tree is fast-growing, but does not exceed average sizes. It exhibits moderate winter hardiness. Mid-season dessert variety. The peculiarity of this cherry is its special sensitivity to coccomycosis. Despite the fact that the leaves can be affected by the disease, they do not fall until the fall. The quality of the fruits is exceptional, the taste is magnificent, the sweetness harmoniously combines with acidity. The berries are dark to black, the average weight of the fruit is 5.1 g. The yield is usually 6 kg of berries per tree, but can reach 8–9 kg per plant. Partially self-fertile variety.
Fad Cherry gives amazingly delicious berries
Shy
An amazing variety that has revealed its potential in adverse conditions. M.V. Kanshina calls this cherry a "hard worker." Late ripening, shows stable fruiting. A tree of medium height, with a compact spherical or slightly spreading crown. The berries are universal, suitable for use in fresh and canned form. The peel and flesh are very dark, almost black, the juice is saturated dark red. The average weight of the fruit is 4.5-6.5 g. The taste is noble, sweet and sour. Tasters give these berries a maximum five-point mark.
The advantages of shy cherries include winter hardiness and some resistance to the main diseases of stone fruits. Partial autonomy. The average yield is more than eight kilograms of berries from a tree, with careful care reaches 11 kg.
Cherry Shy reliable and productive
Undersized and dwarf varieties
Among the self-fertile cherries, which are resistant to diseases and adverse external conditions, it is worth recalling varieties with a short strain.
Igritskaya
Late ripening. Short-stemmed and fast-growing tree. Crohn initially spreading further droops. Fruits every year. Ruby berries, average weight 4.2 g. The taste is sweet-sour, according to the method of application, the fruits are universal. Self-fertility is well expressed. The average yield of more than 8 kg of berries per tree, the maximum reaches 13.7 kg.
Cherry Igritskaya late universal purpose
Morel Bryansk
Short cherry with a short stem. Very late, winter hardy. The fruits are dark red, sometimes almost black, the flesh is lighter. Berries weigh an average of 4.2 g, but are also larger, up to 5-6 g. Have a rich sweet-sour taste. Very weakly affected by disease. On average, 8.3 kg of berries are harvested from one tree, and the maximum yield reaches 11 kg.
Morel Bryansk low, but productive and very resistant to disease
Bystrynka
Bush type cherries with a thickened spherical crown. Received in the Oryol region, at the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Culture Selection. Berries ripen in medium terms, small in size, dark red, with delicate pulp of excellent sweet and sour taste. The use of berries is universal. The average weight of the fruit is 3.6 g.
The grade is steady. Harvest, with a small size of the plant itself, it reaches 7.4 kg of berries from a tree. Partially self-fertile.
Bystrynka cherry is small and fruitful
Mtsenskaya
Low cherry with oval crown. The mid-late ripening period, the originator is the same as that of Bystrinka cherry. Rounded dark berries of small size, average weight 3.4 g. The pulp is juicy, dark red, sweet and sour. Berries of universal application. The variety is winter-hardy, partially self-fertile. The average yield is 7 kg of berries per tree. Cherry Mtsenskaya is resistant to moniliosis.
Cherry Mtsenskaya is compact and fruitful and decorative
Anthracite
Low-growing, medium-late cherry of the Oryol selection. In height rarely grows more than two meters. The maroon berries are almost black. The pulp is juicy, dark red. The taste is very pleasant, sweet and sour, the average weight of the fruit is 4 g. The yield is excellent. Winter hardiness is high. Drought resistance and resistance to fungal diseases is average. The variety is partially self-fertile.
Anthracite cherry gives almost black berries of excellent sweet and sour taste
Youth
Cherry undersized, bushy type. Received at the All-Russian Institute of Horticulture and Nursery Research Federal State Budgetary Institution. Mid-late variety. The fruits are medium-large, weighing more than 4.5 g. The berries are dark burgundy, with juicy dark pulp of a pleasant sweet and sour taste. Productivity is stable, annual. The variety is self-fertile. Winter hardy. Medium resistant to coccomycosis.
Cherry Youth bushy, self-fertile and fruitful
Low-growing trees are very attractive in small gardens, they are successfully used as an element of the landscape. In addition, compact plants can easily be protected from feathered robbers and harvest almost completely without the use of stairs and ladders.
Cherry in garden design pleases the eye and provides fragrant berries
Sweet varieties
Among self-made cherries, really sweet varieties are rarely found. Of the considered sweetest fruits in the varieties Prichuda, Morel Bryansk and Igritskaya. But still, the maximum tasting score for cherry berries is Shy, because the sweetness in its pulp is combined with a deep aroma and delicate sourness, creating a unique bouquet.
Memory of Yenikeyev
Mid-sized cherry with a rounded drooping crown. Early ripening. The fruits are large, dark red. The pulp is juicy, sweet with a delicate acidity of a very pleasant taste. The berries are universal, have a high tasting score. The fruits are aligned, the average weight is 4.7 g. The yield is usually about 9 kg of berries from a tree. Self-fertility is expressed. The variety is winter-hardy and quite resistant to coccomycosis.
Cherry In memory of Yenikeyev gives an early harvest of sweet fragrant berries
Some gardeners, paying tribute to the magnificent taste of cherries Pamyat Enikeeva, note its weak resistance to fungal infections.
There are general rules, following which it is possible to minimize losses from diseases. Saplings are purchased in reliable nurseries to know about varietal characteristics. Dense plantings should be avoided, as the cherry does not like shade, but fungi flourish in the shade. Trees must be protected from the wind and planted at a distance from lowlands or groundwater. Cherries are fed and watered abundantly several times during the season. During the entire growing season, they monitor the plantings so as not to miss outbreaks of diseases or pests. Regularly carry out sanitary and forming scraps and pre-frost whitewashing of trunks. Well-groomed trees have sufficient immunity and are able to withstand adverse environmental conditions and diseases.
When analyzing self-fertile varieties of cherries, only varieties included in the State Register were taken into account.
Reviews
I recommend to grow cherries Anthracite 3-year old, a very good variety. The fruits are large, black and very tasty, sweet and sour. And what kind of jam is obtained from it. I ordered seedlings here //hoga.ru/catalog...itovaya the price is not high. The yield of this variety is high, and even high winter hardiness.
yasiat29
//vbesedke.ucoz.ru/forum/23-90-1
I called Phytogenetics, they said that cherries half a meter. Parcel does not send. I would take both Molodezhnaya and Volochaevka (it also turns out to be self-fertile, tasty and the most reliable) ... But something tells us that good trees can grow from them. An example - took the year before last in the Michurinsky garden cherry plum Tsarskaya - a thin branch half a meter. And two years later a tree grew over 3 meters high. Now it is just covered with fruits and gives meter growths. So much for the lack of bees (positioned as self-infertile). Hence, cherries should bear fruit, especially self-fertile.
alex123
//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=48767&pid=1038107&mode=threaded&start=#entry1038107
In 2012, I was gathering cherries and cherries in the Vtisp garden. The year was fruitful and I ate then to the dump of this good. The trees in memory of Yenikeyev were quite high, cherry was collected from a stepladder. Many of the fruits she was affected seem cocomycosis. In general, not an ideal variety, although one of the most delicious or even the most ...
Kolyadin Roman
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=1148&start=1365
Growing cherries is akin to roller coaster riding. At first it’s hard to imagine how many factors affect the yield. But it’s worth waiting for your own ruby berries, as doubts and fears are eliminated, and the legs lead to the nursery for new varieties. As for that cherry behind the fence, no one tasted it.
